A key strength of SewperCoat® solution is the deep and documented technical knowledge regarding "how and why" it works. This section presents a summary of a few academic and technical papers explaining the unique behavior of SewperCoat®.
Sewers rehabilitation is not a key focus for a city, nor a very glamorous topic for academic research. Thus, the number of qualified technical papers is quite limited. However, for the very specific case of calcium aluminate based mortars, several papers have been published based on the very unique resistance to biogenic corrosion observed with these Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC) materials. For a selection of key technical papers, a summary is given below. Apply for the premium access to get access to the complete paper.
Year : 1999
Title : BIOGENIC AND CHEMICAL SULFURIC ACID CORROSION OF MORTARS
Authors : Silke Ehrich, Laure Helard, Roger Letourneux, Jaques Willocq and Eberhard Bock
Where : JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING / NOVEMBER 1999
BIOGENIC AND CHEMICAL SULFURIC ACID CORROSION OF MORTARS
This academic paper from Pr. Bock's team at Hamburg University (Germany) was the first to put in evidence on a quantitative basis the dramatic improvement of durability to biogenic corrosion of 100% calcium aluminate mortar, i.e. SewperCoat®. The approach of Pr. Bock was to recreate in a laboratory simulator - the Hamburg Chamber - the ecosystem found in sewers and responsible for biogenic corrosion. By optimizing the environmental conditions for bacterial growth, the Hamburg Chamber permitted acceleration of the corrosion process by a factor 24, i.e. that one year in the Chamber is equal to 24 years of exposure in the Hamburg reference corroding sewer. In such aggressive conditions, the Ordinary Portland Cement mortar specimens were completely corroded in one year (100% weight loss) while the 100% calcium aluminate samples exposed to the very same conditions lost only 16% of their original weight. In parallel to biogenic corrosion tests, the paper explains why "pure acid test" is not representative of the material behavior when exposed to biogenic corrosion. Because Pr. Bock was a microbiologist, a lot of attention was paid to explain why the sulfuric acid producing bacteria - thiobacillus thiooxidans - were barely able to corrode 100% calcium aluminate specimens. The paper explains how 100% calcium aluminate mortar is able to create a biostatic effect which blocks the sulfuric acid production, hence almost stopping the corrosion process.
SewperCoat® biogenic corrosion resistance is due to its unique biostatic effect impairing biogenic acid formation.
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Year : 2001
Title : PROTECTION OF CONCRETE IN COOLING TOWERS FROM MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION
Authors : M.L. Berndt
Where : Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, Vol. 25, 3-7, San Diego, 2001
PROTECTION OF CONCRETE IN COOLING TOWERS FROM MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION
Summary: Microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) is not limited to municipal sewers; it is also observed in cooling towers used in geothermal power plants where the warm temperature is favourable to bacteria growth. This paper presents a comparative study conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory on different repair material options to repair the corroded concrete of cooling towers, both cementitious and polymer products. Tests were done both in laboratory and in-situ. In laboratory, specimens were exposed to Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in an Atlas cell arrangement as described in ASTM C 868. Other specimens were exposed inside a real cooling tower. While the other cementitious specimens demonstrate various degree of corrosion, this study documents that SewperCoat® was resistant to biogenic corrosion just as well as the epoxies used in the test.
SewperCoat® resists biogenic corrosion as well as epoxy based products in real life exposure conditions.
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Year : 2005
Title : INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS FOR CALCIUM ALUMINATE REPAIR MATERIALS
Authors : Joseph Talley
Where : Rehab Showcase, Fourth Quarter 2005
INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS FOR CALCIUM ALUMINATE REPAIR MATERIALS
Summary: Biogenic corrosion is not limited to municipal sewers. This paper describes the situation around a cooling lake at a power facility in the southeast United States. Around the large manmade cooling lake for process water, 33 lift stations pump the water to avoid the earthen berm becoming saturated. The soil in this area is naturally rich in sulfates, leading to highly sulfate rich groundwater. These sulfates are the source of food needed for establishing the same biogenic acid producing ecosystem found in sewers, and all the pumping stations were suffering from severe biogenic corrosion. The paper presents more pictures and more details about this use of SewperCoat® outside the classical municipal septic sewers.
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Biogenic corrosion is not limited to municipal septic sewer.
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Year : 2008
Title : FIELD INVESTIGATIONS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CALCIUM ALUMINATE MORTAR FOR WASTEWATER APPLICATIONS
Authors : S. Lamberet, D. Guinot, E. Lempereur, J. Talley, C. Alt
Where : Calcium Aluminate Cements: Proceedings of the Centenary Conference, Avignon, 30 June-2 July 2008, pp. 269-277
FIELD INVESTIGATIONS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CALCIUM ALUMINATE MORTAR FOR WASTEWATER APPLICATIONS
This paper presented at the Centenary conference of Calcium Aluminates Cements in Avignon, France, in 2008 starts from the documented field track records of severely exposed SewperCoat® rehabilitations over as much as 11 years. Then it summarizes the key academic findings about the "bio-static effect" explaining why calcium aluminate mortar is able to withstand the most severe biogenic corrosion conditions when other cementitious materials got deteriorated.? The paper provides qualitative and quantitative data to explain the unique behavior of SewperCoat®.
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Real-life references of SewperCoat® are presented and explanations for the in-situ durability to biogenic corrosion resistance are highlighted.
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Year : 2008
Title : EVALUATION OF ALUMINIUM SENSITIVITY ON A BIODEGRADING BACTERIA ACIDITHIOBACILLUS THIOOXIDANS: DEFINITION OF A SPECIFIC GROWTH MEDIUM
Authors : V. A. Geoffroy, M. Bachelet and J-L Crovisier
Where : Calcium Aluminate Cements: Proceedings of the Centenary Conference, Avignon, 30 June-2 July 2008, pp. 309-319
EVALUATION OF ALUMINIUM SENSITIVITY ON A BIODEGRADING BACTERIA ACIDITHIOBACILLUS THIOOXIDANS: DEFINITION OF A SPECIFIC GROWTH MEDIUM
The key mechanisms explaining SewperCoat® resistance to biogenic corrosion is its very unique "biostatic effect" on acid-producing bacteria. However, one argument heard from time to time was that not all bacteria are sensitive to the presence of aluminum ions, implying that it was not proven that Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans growth was reduced on SewperCoat®. The study presented in this paper has been realized by a team of microbiologists to verify the actual growth behavior of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in the presence of aluminum ions. After overcoming experimental arteficts, and using two different approaches to confirm the results, the paper shows that Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans growth is effectively stopped when the aluminum ions level inside the thin bacteria biofilm exceed the 350-600 ppm range.
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When microbiologists look closer, they see that bio-static effect of SewperCoat® is effectively stifling bacteria growth.
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Year : 2010
Title : KERNEOS INC. CONTINUES TO GROW IN MANHOLE MARKET
Authors : Sharon M. Bueno
Where : TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY September 2010
KERNEOS INC. CONTINUES TO GROW IN MANHOLE MARKET
Summary: After a review of Kerneos Inc. history in USA, the paper focused on SewperCoat® development since 1990. In USA, there are a plethora of manhole products and methods, and competition is fierce as customers can choose from cementitious liners, epoxies, polyureas, polyurethanes, fiber-glass lining systems, thermoplastic sheet liners, etc. Today, SewperCoat® have a more than 20 year history, and like any product, the best way to prove that it really works is to have a valid history in the field. The interview underlines the strength for Kerneos in the market is its commitment to education, both in academic research and within the industry. "We are very education based, particularly when we give presentations," says Joe Talley. "We educate on corrosion and the wastewater environment itself. We also sponsor Ph.D. research and candidates at different universities around the world who are doing cement and concrete specific research and we often partner with external laboratories and do a lot of field evaluations and product trials."
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A long interview with Joe Talley, market manager of pipes and wastewater for Kerneos Inc., summarizing 20 years of patient and successful development of SewperCoat® in USA.
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